The possible approaches towards differentiated eLearning Free Essays

Differentiated direction ( or differentiated acquisition ) involves supplying pupils with different avenues to geting content ; to processing, building, or doing sense of thoughts ; and to developing learning stuffs so that all pupils within a schoolroom can larn efficaciously, irrespective of differences in ability. Research indicates that many of the emotional or societal troubles gifted pupils experience disappear when their educational climes are adapted to their degree and gait of acquisition. † Differentiation in instruction can besides include how a pupil shows that they have command of a construct. We will write a custom essay sample on The possible approaches towards differentiated eLearning or any similar topic only for you Order Now This could be through a research paper, function drama, podcast, diagram, posting, etc. The key is happening how your pupils learn and displays their acquisition that meets their specific demands. Differentiation normally includes one or more of the undermentioned countries: A. Content – Is â€Å" what † pupils learn – Includes curriculum subjects or constructs – Reflects province or national criterions – Presents indispensable facts and accomplishments – Differentiates by pre-assessing pupil accomplishments and apprehensions, so fiting scholars with appropriate activities – Provides pupils with picks in order to add deepness to larning – Provides pupils with extra resources that match their degrees of understanding B. Procedure – Is â€Å" how † pupils learn – Refers to how pupils make sense or understand the information, thoughts, and accomplishments being studied – Reflects pupil larning manners and penchants – Varies the acquisition procedure depending upon how pupils learn C. Product – Is the terminal consequence of pupil acquisition – Tends to be touchable: studies, trials, booklets, addresss, skits – Reflects pupil understanding – Differentiates by supplying challenge, assortment, and pick What is distinction direction? In this context when distinction is discussed, it is non about merchandise distinction by larning bringing location, as in intercrossed eLearning content compared to to the full online classs and/or cyberschools ( National Leadership Institute, 2005 ) . Nor is it about distinction in clip, as in synchronal and asynchronous acquisition. Rather, in e-diff, one of three types of accommodation is normally involved ( Hall, 2002 ; Reis et al. , 1988 ; Sizer, 2001 ; Tomlinson, 2001 ; Tomlinson A ; Allan, 2000 ; Tomlinson A ; McTighe, 2006 ; Willis A ; Mann, 2000 ) : 1. Differentiation of content – Offer pupils the opportunity to get down at different topographic points in the course of study and/or proceed at different gaits. 2. Differentiation of larning manner attack – Stressing many modes of larning manner or larning penchant, such as ocular and audile scholars. 3. Differentiation of merchandise – Giving different assignments to different pupils, and turn in different work merchandises. III. DIFFERENTIATION IN eLEARNING Technology to do content alteration on the fly is rather simple online. It can be every bit straightforward as hypertext markup language cryptography and back-end databases. The challenge is non in the bringing engineering itself, but in set uping good logic for distinction – if we are traveling to distinguish, how do we make up one’s mind who gets what? Here we organize the most common e-diff schemes, based on what type of decision-making procedure and grounds is used to set up the accommodation picks. Approachs can besides be combined, or blended, in eLearning merchandises. Some of the possible general attacks are: â€Å" Diffuse † attacks to distinction, in which pupils receive the same content but have multiple chances for acquisition and are provided with different attacks for doing sense of thoughts planfully â€Å" diffused † throughout the content. Autonomous attacks, in which pupils receive different content by a mechanism of self-selection built in the content. This introduces distinction through pupil pick. Naive distinction, in which the computing machine is finding the class of distinction, non the user, no specific program or overall scheme is in topographic point in the eLearning content for why distinction is go oning, or what it is intended to intend in the acquisition context. Boolean distinction, in which package uses types of Boolean logic, such as rule-based models or determination trees, to find how to set content for different pupils. Model-based distinction, in which adept sentiment is combined with a assortment of informations mining techniques to bring forth thoughts for how content might be suitably differentiated. Language based distinction, in which the pupils from different cultural backgrounds can be benefitted. This is based on the distinction in the contents of stuffs to be delivered. Differences in the attacks 1.In diffuse distinction, there is no direct purpose to measure or fit the demands of single users, or to custom-make content or feedback, as all pupils receive the same content. But adequate assortment and different beginnings of stimulation are provided to involvement and prosecute diverse audiences. This is a really common attack to differentiated direction in a traditional schoolroom learning puting. The hope is that with adequate assortment provided, everyone ‘s demands can be addressed. 2.The 2nd scheme, self distinction, allows pupils to choose their personal picks as they work their manner through on-line content. This can dwell of merely choosing the order of completion among a fixed bill of fare of larning activities or faculties, or can let much more scope of pick. The courseware design determines where pick points are. Self distinction is besides really common in on-line content. 3.NaA?ve distinction comes about about unwittingly in many eLearning merchandises. It involves altering parts of content in a more random manner, non based on the specific demands of single pupils, but merely revolving content and artworks so that screens have different images, representations and so forth each clip viewed. This might affect a randomizing factor or a shuffle map. Though diffuse and autonomous schemes can be rather consistent with improved larning aims of differentiated direction, it can be harder to do the instance for naA?ve distinction. Additions in motive and battle as acquisition shows change, for case, are difficult to reason for if the same pupil merely sees one of the shows. 4.The following scheme, Boolean distinction, uses assessment grounds to alter the flow of content for different pupils. Boolean here merely describes logic that computing machines use to find if a statement is true of false. Main Boolean operators include â€Å" and, † â€Å" non † and â€Å" or. † Operators get used with a series of regulations to depict what happens with the content as pupils make their responses. There are many differentiations among different rule-based methods, including assorted be aftering agents, bug bases and chaining algorithms. But the thought is that a set of regulations have been devised, frequently by really carefully analyzing many pupils. These rule-based boolean methods make up some of the oldest signifiers of e-diff. The simplest types look like a checklist of larning aims. Students go down the list and finish the aims. If they successfully complete 1 AND 2, they go onto 3, for case. But 1 and NOT 2 and possibly the pupil is redirected to 2A, or given some extra feedback or other larning intercession that go throughing pupils do n’t acquire. Rule based methods can take much more luxuriant signifiers, and have been in really powdered ways to depict the battalion of constructs and misconceptions pupils hold in certain capable affair countries, and what to make about them. 5.The following signifier of e-diff, model-based, is really a big household of attacks that will be grouped together here for the interest of treatment. Some of the attacks are among the newer e-diff signifiers and others have been around for some clip. Most use some signifier of adept sentiment, including from instructors and other capable affair experts, combined with informations mining to bring forth thoughts about how content might be differentiated. Common data excavation techniques include a assortment of arrested development and Gaussian statistical theoretical accounts, Bayesian webs, nervous webs, point response theoretical accounts, and assorted method attacks that combine quantitative and qualitative informations to do interpretative or productive anticipations. 6.The concluding signifier of e-diff is, language-based in which the same contents are provided to the pupils in different possible linguistic communications of apprehension. On the plus side, information excavation attacks can be faster and easier than deducing complex rule-based signifiers. Besides they can let anticipations to be compared to existent pupil larning informations to ticket melody theoretical accounts. However, the inquiry frequently is which theoretical account to utilize, and why. Besides important in the instance of eLearning is whether the theoretical account truly is making an appropriate occupation of stating you something about pupils. III.CONCLUSION Developers are constructing more distinction into eLearning merchandises, admiting that people have multiple waies for acquisition and for doing sense of thoughts. But distinction via engineering is complex. There are legion attacks that have rather different executions and consequences, as can be seen by the general schemes described here. As the field matures and developers explore more ways to distinguish online, it is of import that non-disclosure understandings and other rational belongings issues do n’t close down the conversation about what these merchandises are making, and how they are making it. So, certain, allow ‘s all be different – but allow ‘s happen some common land to speak about these of import attacks to differentiation online. IV.REFERENCES [ I ] Hall, T. ( 2002 ) . Differentiated direction. Retrieved November, 2006, from hypertext transfer protocol: //www.cast.org/publications/ncac/ncac_diffinstruc.html [ II ] Parshall, C. G. , Stewart, R. , Ritter, J. ( 1996, April ) . Inventions: Sound, Graphics, and Alternative Response Modes. Paper presented at the National Council on Measurement in Education, New York. [ III ] Reis, S. M. , Kaplan, S. N. , Tomlinson, C. A. , Westbert, K. L. , Callahan, C. M. , A ; Cooper, C. R. ( 1988 ) . How the encephalon learns, A response: Equal does non intend indistinguishable. Educational Leadership, 56 ( 3 ) . [ IV ] Tomlinson, C. A. ( 2001 ) . How to distinguish direction in mixed-ability schoolrooms ( 2nd ed. ) . Alexandria, VA: ASCD. [ V ] Tomlinson, C. A. , A ; Allan, S. D. ( 2000 ) . Leadership for distinguishing schools and schoolrooms. Alexandria, VA: ASCD. [ VI ] Tomlinson, C. A. , A ; McTighe, J. ( 2006 ) . Integrating Differentiated Instruction +Understanding by Design: Connecting Content and Kids. Alexandria, VA: Association for Supervision and Curriculum Development. [ VII ] Turker, A. , Gorgun, I. , A ; Conlan, O. ( 2006 ) . The Challenge of Content Creation to Facilitate Personalized E-Learning Experiences. International Journal on ELearning, 5 ( 1 ) , 11-17. How to cite The possible approaches towards differentiated eLearning, Essay examples

French & Ryan on Company Law

Question: 1. Bob Beech is a scallop fisherman and involved in commercial scallop fishing in the coastal water of Jervis Bay in New South Wales. The stock of scallops in this water is limited and subject to protective legislation to ensure regeneration. Hence, the Scallop Fishing and Marketing Act provides for a quota system. Under the quota system, a person must apply for a quota which will permit him or her to catch 50 tonnes of scallops in a calendar year. Further, the Scallop Marketing Authority will purchase any scallops up to the quota limit for each person.The Act also provides for a number of offences. It provides that it is an offence to sell scallops caught in New South Wales waters to any person other than the Scallop Marketing Authority and it further provides that it is an offence to catch more than the quota limit. Each offence carries a fine of up to $100,000.Bob has the physical capacity to catch more than 50 tonnes of scallops in a year and wishes to make more money from his bu siness. His daughter Alice tells him that by incorporating a company he could double his catch.Is she correct?2. New Nirvana Ltd is a company controlled by the members of the hard rock band, N/N. A number of wholly owned subsidiaries of New Nirvana Ltd are involved in setting up and running the bands concerts. One of the subsidiary companies, Nuclear Blast Sounds Pty Ltd, is responsible for setting up the sound equipment at N/N concerts in Australia. At a recent N/N concert in Sydney, Nuclear Blast Sounds Pty Ltd negligently set the sound levels toohigh with the result that five audience members suffered permanent hearing loss. Unfortunately for those audience members, Nuclear Blast Sounds Pty Ltd had no negligence insurance and cannot pay the likely damages claims.Advise the injured audience members whether they can make New Nirvana Ltd liable for Nuclear Blast Sounds Pty Ltds negligence. 3. Simon, Michael and Don set up a project management company called Millennium Pty Ltd. Don is a solicitor and the constitution of Millennium Pty Ltd nominates that Don will be the solicitor for any land purchases or sales made by the company. The articles also provide that any disputes which arise between the company and its members should be first referred to an arbitrator before there are any court proceedings.After a number of years, Simon and Michael meet another solicitor who they think is more efficient than Don and they appoint him as solicitor for Millennium Pty Ltd.Don brings legal action against Millennium Pty Ltd over the matter. Advise the company as to their legal position. Answer: 1. In the present case, Bob Beech wants to know if he can escape the application of the provisions of Scallop Fishing and Marketing Act by forming a company. In this regard he needs to be noted that according to the doctrine of separate legal entity, a company is considered as having its own distinct identity that is separate from its members. This principle has been firmly established by the court after the decision given in Salomon v Salomon Co (1897) that applies in Australia also. Therefore in Salomon's case, it was stated by the court that the property of the company cannot be treated as the property of its members and in the same way, the debts of the company are not to be considered as the debts of its members. The influence of this doctrine is that the shareholders of a limited liability company are not held personally liable for the debts and obligations of the corporation. Therefore in case of the insolvency of the company, the loss of the shareholders of the company is re stricted to the amount that has been invested by them in the company (Baxt, 1996). However, there are certain circumstances when the court may choose to lift the corporate veil and look beyond the doctrine of individual legal identity. In this regard, the expression piercing the corporate veil is related to the situation where the court may look behind the distinct legal personality of a corporation (Birds, 2007). Therefore in such a case, the court looks beyond the individual personality of the corporation for imposing a liability, right or duty to a member of the company even when the strict application of the doctrine of separate legal identity will result in vesting the right or the liability only in the company. In this way, according to the doctrine of lifting the corporate veil, the court explores the possibility of looking behind the framework of the company (or behind the distinct legal identity of a company) for the purpose of making the members of the company liable. This takes place as an exception to the general rule according to which, the members of the company cannot be held individually responsible for the debts of the corporation (Bourne, 2008). In the present case also, the Scallop Fishing and Marketing Act provides for a quota system according to which a person has to apply for a quota and then catch 50 tonnes of scallops in a single year. On the other hand, Bob Bleech has the capacity to catch more than 50 tons of scallops and at the same time, he also wants to make more money. Under these circumstances, his daughter Alice tells him that if he can incorporate a company, he will be able to double the quota of scallops. But the court may select to lift the veil and look beyond the corporate structure of the company formed by Bob and hold Bob responsible for the breach of the provisions of Scallop Fishing and Marketing Act. As a result, although a company enjoys a individual legal personality but sometimes, the court may decide to pierce the corporate veil and hold the members of the company personally liable. Therefore, Alice is not correct when she advised Bob that he can double his catch by forming a company. 2. The issue in this case is if New Nirvana Ltd can be held liable for the tort committed by one of its subsidiary companies, Nuclear Blast Sounds Pty Ltd. The reason is that as the negligence of the employees of Nuclear Blast Sounds Pty Ltd, five members of the audience suffered permanent hearing loss. At the same time, Nuclear Blast Sounds Pty Ltd does not have any negligence insurance and similarly, the company is not in a position to pay the damages claims. As a result the question arises if the Indian members of the audience can bring a claim against New Nirvana Ltd for the negligence of Nuclear Blast Sounds Pty Ltd. In view of the doctrine of separate legal identity, generally the parent company is not held liable for the debts or the torts of its subsidiary company. The reason is that according to the law, each company is considered as having distinct legal identity in the eyes of law. Therefore, the debts and obligations of one company cannot be enforced against the members of the company or even against its parent company (Barkehall, 1997). As a result of this doctrine, in case of a group of companies, the liabilities of one company can be enforced against the other companies of the group. But there are certain exceptions to this general rule. As a result in some cases, the court may decide that the liabilities of a subsidiary company can be enforced against the parent company. Consequently, the court may decide to lift the veil and enforce the liabilities of a subsidiary corporation against the parent company on the grounds of exceptional agency or on the ground of facade or sham. As in Smith, Stone Knight v Birmingham Corporation (1939), the court was in favour of lifting the veil and holding the parent company liable. In this case, the court recognised an exception to Salomon's principle. The subsidiary company was considered by the court to be carrying on the business of the parent company. In such a case, the issue arises if the persons controlling the two companies can be considered as the head and brain of the venture with the help of the concept of effective and constant control over the business. Therefore, the court stated that in order to identify the agency relationship between the two companies, it is required that the parent company should have more than mere control over its subsidiary. The result was that the court arrived at the conclusion in Adams v Cape Industries (1990) that although sometimes, the group of companies can be considered as a single economic units but to enforce the liability of the subsidiary company on the parent company, it is required that the subsidiary company should be completely under the control of the parent company. Under these circumstances, it can be inferred that the principal provided by the court in Salomon's case implies in such a situation that the single economic unit will have to be considered as having a single identity in the eyes of law when no artificial separation is present between the various legal entities of the group (French et al., 2008). In this case also, If it can be said that New Nirvana Ltd had complete and total control over the activities of, Nuclear Blast Sounds Pty Ltd, only then the liabilities of Nuclear Blast Sounds Pty Ltd can be enforced against New Nirvana Ltd and the five members of the audience have suffered injuries as a result of the negligence of Nuclear Blast Sounds Pty Ltd can be allowed to bring a claim against New Nirvana Ltd. 3. The present case, it has been stated in the articles of Millennium Pty Ltd that Don will act as companys solicitor for any land purchases or sales. However after several years, Simon and Michael met another solicitor who was more efficient than Don, according to them. Therefore they appoint the new person as the solicitor of Millennium Pty Ltd. under the circumstances, the issue arises if Don can enforce the article according to which, he will remain the solicitor of the company. In this regard, the law provides that a member of the company can sue the company for the enforcement of rights only as a member of the company cannot in any other capacity (Baxt, 1991). For instance, Eley v Positive Government Security Life Assurance Co Ltd (1876) is also related with the articles of association of a corporation as a contract that has been formed between the corporation and its member. In this case also, it has been mentioned in articles that Eley will act as companys solicitor. However after some time, the directors of the company decided that another person should be appointed as the company's solicitor. The result was that Eley wanted to enforce the article according to which he was to remain the solicitor of the company. The court held in this case that this article cannot be enforced by Eley in such a way. The reasoning of the court was that in this case, Eley was trying to impose this as a solicitor and not in his capacity as the companys member. Therefore the court stated that either the article of the company was a stipulation that binds the members or it was a mandate for the directors. But in each case, it remains a matter between the directors and the shareholders of the company and not between them and the claimant. In this case also, Don was trying to enforce the article of the company in his capacity as a solicitor and not as a member of Millennium Pty Ltd when Simon and Michael decided that another person to be appointed as companys solicitor instead of Don. In this way, the facts of this case are similar to Eley's case mentioned above. Therefore on the grounds that have been discussed above, it can be said that in this case also Don cannot enforce the article of the company in his capacity as the company's solicitor. Hence, Millennium Pty Ltd can avoid another person as the solicitor of the company and replaced Don even if it was stated in the articles that Don will be the company's solicitor. References Barkehall S Thomas, 1997, Knowing Receipt and Knowing Assistance: Where do we Stand? 20 University of New South Wales Law Journal 1 Baxt R, 1991, Company Law Reform The Future and Fixing Up the Past The Doctrine of Ultra Vires, 19 Australian Business Law Review 147 Baxt R, 1996, Informality may be a Good Thing but it may be Very Dangerous, 24 Australian Business Law Review 463 Birds, J., 2007, Boyle Bird's Company Law, 6th Edition, Jordans Bourne, N., 2008, Bourne on Company Law, 4th Edition, Routledge-Cavendish French, D., Mayson, S., and Ryan, C., Mayson, 2008, French Ryan on Company Law, 25th Edition, Oxford University Press Case Law Adams v Cape Industries plc [1990] Ch 433 Eley v Positive Government Security Life Assurance Co Ltd (1876) 1 Ex D 88 Salomon v Salomon Co [1897] AC 22 Smith, Stone Knight v Birmingham Corporation [1939] 4 ALL ER 116

Miltons Satan In Paradise Lost Essays - Fallen Angels, Satan

Milton's Satan In Paradise Lost Critics abroad have argued about who the hero is of John Miltons Paradise Lost: Satan, Adam or Christ, the Son? Since Miltons overall theme stated in the opening lines of Book I is to relate Mans first disobedience and to justify the ways of God to men, Adam must be regarded as the main hero. John M. Steadman supports this view in an essay on Paradise Lost: It is Adams action which constitutes the argument of the epic. Steadman continues: The Son and Satan embody heroic archetypes and that, through the interplay of the infernal and celestial strategies, Milton represents Satans plot against man and Christs resolution to save him as heroic enterprises. Christ and Satan are therefore epic machines. (268-272) Although Satan may be an epic machine, he is best portrayed as the tragic anti-hero of Paradise Lost or, at the very least, a main character who possesses the stature and attributes which enable him to achieve tragic status. In the Greek tradition, the essential components of tragedy are admiration, fear and pity for the hero, who has to display a tragic weakness or flaw in his character, which will lead to his downfall. It might be argued that the flaws in Satans character are such that we should feel no admiration, fear or pity for him, yet he can be seen to inspire these emotions. Satans tragic flaws are pointed out in Book I. They are envy, pride, and ambition towards self-glorification. Satans pride, in particular, is stressed throughout Paradise Lost. In accordance with epic convention, Satan is frequently qualified by Miltons use of the word proud. Virgil used the same device in his epic the Aeneid, in which the name of Aeneas rarely appears without being preceded by pious. Th e most striking visual example of Satans main weaknesses appears in Book IV (89-90) during Raphaels narrative to Adam regarding the battles in Heaven, Raphael refers to Satan as the proud/Aspirer. Proud at the end of one line and Aspirer at the beginning of the next gives equal emphasis and impact to Satans pride and ambition and it is implied that, in Satan, the two characters are inseparable and of equal importance. Milton, in fact, defended his use of blank verse as a suitable vehicle for epic poetry, as opposed to the frequently favored heroic couplet. How then, does Satan inspire the feelings of admiration, fear and pity necessary to a tragic figure? Milton was, undoubtedly, conscious that he was in danger of portraying Satan as too much of a heroic figure and made efforts to belittle him through the use of unflattering imagery, and by highlighting his less complimentary characteristics. Nonetheless, our emotions are still fired. Our first encounter with Satan and his rebel hos ts occurs in Book I when they are recovering from the shock of having been expelled from heaven by the Son after three days of fighting the angels of God. Despite the defeat he has suffered, Satan gains our admiration by displaying resilience in quickly coming to terms with the change in his circumstances, in remustering his forces and organizing the building of his palace, Pandemonium. At the same time he demonstrates his determination not to be defeated and shows true qualities of leadership, persuasively arguing that there is still hope for battle and victory. Satan is convincing in his first speech to Beelzebub, his chief partner in crime, as he declares: What though the field be lost? All is not lost; the unconquerable will, And study of revenge, immortal hate, And courage never to submit or yield: And what is else not to be overcome? That glory never shall his wrath or might Extort from me. (I. 105-111) The language here is particularly powerful and the lines are extremely weighted, underlining Satans resolution. He similarly instills renewed resolve in his followers to challenge God and hope of regaining their former state, claiming that they are now better placed to contend because there is not fear of division in their own ranks (II.11-42). He then gives his supporters the opportunity to speak their minds as to whether to engage in open warfare or in guile to achieve their end; although ultimately

Should Public Transport be Free of Charge

Should Public Transport be Free of Charge Free Online Research Papers Every one of us probably used public transport once in his lifetime. If it was a train a bur or a subway, we have to pay for it, but is that really necessary? It is a theme, which is often discussed, but I am convinced that if public transport is free we would have a better world. It should be free of charge to give everyone the opportunity to get to their destination. It is true that many of us would not prefer to take public transportation if given a choice, the more people we have taking buses, trains, and subways, the less people we have on the road. If more people would use public transport, we would have decrease traffic, noise pollution and greenhouse gas emissions. The crucial fact is that we live in a society where cars are really required, but it would be so much better to use the bus or the train. For example, if I need to go to the University I always take the train and the bus. So a lot more people would use public transport and just leave their cars home. All of us want a cleaner planet for our future and the future of our children. Furthermore there are a lot of people who do not have that much money to pay for public transport. I know a family back home, who always take the bike to get to the supermarket, which is 5 kilometers far away. They have a hard life and they do not have money to pay for the bus and this makes their life much harder. In addition people can easy get to their work with help of public transport, but especially driving by train is really expensive. So for example a man works 7 hours in a not well played job and into the bargain the work place is far away. So he has to pay that much money for the train, that it is more trouble than it ´s worth. What also must not be forgotten is that driving by train or bus helps the social connection and could also support a better atmosphere if it would be free. I have been to Australia and in Melbourne there are some busses and trains for free. This makes life their so much easier and you fell just better and you are happier, if you drive with a train which is for free. To sum up, you can see that there are a lot of considerable advantages for making public transport free. Of course we need a lot of money to realize this idea, but all in all it would be a better way of live, especially if we look in the future. We all can help to provide a better environment and that is important for the future. I am sure that if public transport would be free, a lot of people would use it and want to help for a better world for all of us. Research Papers on Should Public Transport be Free of ChargeLifes What IfsThe Effects of Illegal ImmigrationBionic Assembly System: A New Concept of SelfTwilight of the UAWUnreasonable Searches and SeizuresBook Review on The Autobiography of Malcolm XNever Been Kicked Out of a Place This NiceGenetic EngineeringStandardized TestingThe Project Managment Office System

The National Popular Vote Plan to Bypass the Electoral College

The National Popular Vote Plan to Bypass the Electoral College The Electoral College system - the way we really elect our president - has always had its detractors and lost even more public support after the 2016 election, when it became apparent that President-Elect  Donald Trump might have lost the nationwide popular vote to Sec. Hillary Clinton, but won the electoral vote to become the 45th  Ã¢â‚¬â€¹President of the United States. Now, the states are considering the National Popular Vote plan, a system that, while not doing away with the Electoral College system, would modify it to ensure that the candidate winning the national popular vote is ultimately elected president. What is the National Popular Vote Plan? The National Popular Vote plan is a bill passed by participating state legislatures agreeing that they will cast all of their electoral votes for the presidential candidate winning the nationwide popular vote. If enacted by enough states, the National Popular Vote bill would guarantee the presidency to the candidate who receives the most popular votes in all 50 states and the District of Columbia. How the National Popular Vote Plan Would Work To take effect, the National Popular Vote bill must be enacted by the state legislatures of states controlling a total of 270 electoral votes - a majority of the overall 538 electoral votes and the number currently required to elect a president. Once enacted, the participating states would cast all of their electoral votes for the presidential candidate winning the nationwide popular vote, thus ensuring that candidate the required 270 electoral votes. (See: Electoral Votes by State) The National Popular Vote plan would eliminate what critics of the Electoral College system point to as the winner-take-all rule - the awarding all of a states electoral votes to the candidate who receives the most popular votes in that state. Currently, 48 of the 50 states follow the winner-take-all rule. Only Nebraska and Maine do not. Because of the winner-take-all rule, a candidate can be elected president without winning the most popular votes nationwide. This has occurred in 4 of the nations 56 presidential elections, most recently in 2000.The National Popular Vote plan does not do away with the Electoral College system, an action that would require a constitutional amendment. Instead, it modifies the winner-take-all rule in a way its supporters say would assure that every vote will matter in every state in every presidential election. Is the National Popular Vote Plan Constitutional? Like most issues involving politics, the U.S. Constitution is largely silent on the political issues of presidential elections. This was the intent of the Founding Fathers. The Constitution specifically leaves details like how the electoral votes are cast up to the states. According to Article II, Section 1, Each State shall appoint, in such Manner as the Legislature thereof may direct, a Number of Electors, equal to the whole Number of Senators and Representatives to which the State may be entitled in the Congress. As a result, an agreement between a group of states to cast all of their electoral votes in a similar manner, as proposed by the National Popular Vote plan passes constitutional muster. The winner-take-all rule is not required by the Constitution and was actually used by only three states in the nations first presidential election in 1789. Today, the fact that Nebraska and Maine do not use the winner-take-all system serves as proof that modifying the Electoral College system, as proposed by the National Popular Vote plan is constitutional and does not require a constitutional amendment. Where the National Popular Vote Plan Stands Currently, the National Popular Vote bill has been passed in a total of 35 state legislative chambers in 23 states. It has been fully enacted into law in 11 states controlling 165 electoral votes: CA, DC, HI, IL, MA, MD, NJ, NY, RI, VT, and WA. The National Popular Vote bill will take effect when enacted into law by states possessing 270 electoral votes - a majority of the current 538 electoral votes. As a result, the bill will take effect when enacted by states possessing an additional 105 electoral votes. To date, the bill has passed at least one legislative chamber in 10 states possessing 82 electoral votes: AR, AZ, CT, DE, ME, MI, NC, NV, OK, and OR. In The bill has been passed by both legislative chambers - but not in the same year - by the states of Colorado and New Mexico, controlling a combined 14 electoral votes. In addition, the bill has been unanimously approved at the committee level in the states of Georgia and Missouri, controlling a combined 27 electoral votes. Over the years, the National Popular Vote bill has been introduced in the legislatures of all 50 states. Prospects for Enactment After the 2016 presidential election, political science expert Nate Silver wrote that, since the swing states are not likely to support any plan that might reduce their influence over control of the White House, the National Popular Vote bill will not succeed unless the predominately Republican â€Å"red states† adopt it. As of September 2017, the bill has been fully adopted only by predominately Democratic â€Å"blue states† which delivered the 14 largest vote shares for Barack Obama in the 2012 Presidential Election.

Data Collection Paper Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Data Collection Paper - Essay Example This is where good academic performance usually starts. However, as these students continue to blend with others or as they continue to dwell within the grounds of the academic institution, they encounter certain things that influence their thinking, their outlook and their attitude. In the case of academic performance, there are several factors that can affect students' attitude towards school. Some of these factors include peer pressure, family background or problems, school location or environment, the student's lifestyle and teachers, and other psychosocial reasons. There are also studies that show that ethnic differences can affect a students' attitude towards school. Professor Laurence Steinberg, in one of his publications, stated that ethnic differences causes students to have different beliefs or reactions regarding failing in school. Specifically, he cited Asians as believers that poor performance in school would have negative or unfavorable consequences. Furthermore, he exp lains the effect of peer pressure on a child. Results of his studies also show that a lot of American teens believe that people make fun of those who do well academically. This implies that they would rather not have high grades to avoid being laughed at. Majority of the students also expressed that they never talk about academics or school-related issues with their friends (Edsource Online, 1999). In relation to the g... This teacher factor means how the teacher deals with the students, the teacher's manner of teaching, the teacher's professional and casual relationship with the students, and other relevant and significant elements that might have an impact on the students' performance. This study aims to answer the following questions: 1. What are the factors that can affect a students' academic performance 2. What are the examples of "teacher factor" that have significant effects on a student's performance In addition, at the end of this study, solutions on how to minimize the negative effect of "teacher factor" on students' performance should be provided. Since the research will tackle the different factors, particularly the "teacher factor", that affects students' performance in school, results will be beneficial to other students of different educational level. Through this research, students will learn about how to avoid being affected by such factors, and therefore, begin to develop a more positive outlook about school and help them excel in class. Aside from the students, this research will also be of help to educational institutions by providing them with relevant information on how to improve and develop better relationships among the teachers and the students. This research can also serve as a reference for future researchers. This is going to be a descriptive research which will involve male and female high school students as respondents. The sampling technique to be used will be random sampling. This research will make use of a questionnaire as the data collection method. This will allow the researcher to have a larger sample size and, therefore, obtain more reliable and accurate results. This method is also less

The Feminist Critique and the Postmodern Challenge to Anthropology Essay

The Feminist Critique and the Postmodern Challenge to Anthropology - Essay Example Feminism, as an ideal, is the collection of movements, associations, groupings and or establishments that aim at defending, defining and establishing equality in the spheres of social rights, politics and the economy; this pertaining to women. In addition, the ideal promotes the creation and provision of equal opportunities for women in both education and also in employment. Thus, a feminist is a person who’s behavioral and belief systems are based on the ideal of feminism (Fruzzetti 39). From the afore-mentioned feminist movements, associations and groupings emerged the Feminist theory, which aimed at understanding the causes and reasons for the presence of gender inequality. This understanding was based on the examination of women lived experiences and social roles throughout history and into the contemporary 21st Century. From it emerged different theories that touched on a variety of disciplines; this so as to respond and subsequently address issues such as the social cons truct of gender and sex. Some earlier forms of the theory received criticism for their taking into consideration only educated, white middle-class perspectives. As a result, of this criticism, was the creation of multi-culturalist and/ or ethnically-specific forms of the theory (Cott 73). Feminists campaign on the platform of ‘Women’s Rights’ – bodily integrity, reproductive rights (including access to abortion and contraceptives), women’s suffrage, equal pay, right to property and entry into contracts (contract law), and also voting. They seek to protect girls and women from domestic violence, sexual assaults and harassments among other violations. Due to its radical nature, this ideal has attracted its share of both criticism and blessings; this in the form of pro-feminism and anti-feminism ideologies. Feminism and Anthropology As a result of the feminist critique to anthropology, the approach – Feminist anthropology – emerged. It so ught to study cultural anthropology and correct the perceived andro-centric bias within the field. Its origin can be traced to early anthropologists such as E.E. Evans-Pritchard and James Frazer, who both displayed much interest in the notions of marriage and kinship. Women would thus, always appear in their ethnographies. Henrietta Moore, who is a prominent theorist in (the school of thought of) feminist anthropology, though of the opinion that women had been included in anthropological research and theory, was of the view that the problem was not the presence of women in anthropology, but in its representation, interpretation and understanding (Bratton10). According to her, it is how women are included in anthropology that matters. Thus, the challenge, then, was to avail new critical analysis on the existing anthropological literature, including creation of new research that placed the ‘Woman’ in the centre of it. This led to the emergence of self-conscious feminist a nthropology in the 1970s; this as a series of challenges to the male-dominated and biased anthropology. Rayna Rapp, in her work - Toward an Anthropology of Women (1975), was one of the earliest contributors to this emerging school. She argued that women and men experience gender differently; this in reference to the myriad of social markers. The experiences of women were in themselves a legitimate subject for